托盘式湿法烟气脱硫塔阻力特性研究

采用冷态物理模型结合商用CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)软件,对山东某火电厂300 MW机组配套托盘塔的流场和阻力特性进行了研究,取得了孔板阻力损失与液气比之间的二次函数关系。研究结果表明,塔内两相流场分布合理,入口处液滴受烟气的拖拽作用形成明显的干湿界面,负荷和液气比是影响脱硫塔阻力的重要因素。当液气比一定时,托盘上方能够维持相对稳定的持液层及鼓泡过程;满负荷运行时,脱硫塔阻力损失约为1600 Pa,其中孔板占1/4,持液层占3/4。拟合获得了托盘区阻力损失同液气比之间的关系,为托盘塔的应用、运行及优化提供了理论指导。     

电场对竖直矩形微槽群润湿及表面温度的影响

微槽群在热流密度较大时会达到其毛细极限，可通过主动换热方式之一——电水动力学效应对其进行强化。本文为了研究电场对微槽群表面润湿特性和温度分布的影响，采用平板电极提供电场，蒸馏水作为工质，使用高速相机拍摄微槽内液体润湿长度，测量误差为2.97%～7.46%；使用红外热像仪拍摄电场作用下微槽群表面温度分布，测量误差为2.1%～2.39%。热流密度测量误差范围是9.66%～11.11%。结果表明：电场通过驱动微槽内流体向加热区域流动而提升其润湿性能，且较低热流密度下提升更好。因润湿性能的提升，微槽表面温度得以下降。随着电场增强，微槽横向温度分布的“波峰”、“波谷”差别加大，微槽纵向温度明显降低。当热流密度加大时，温降更为显著，1.4W/cm²热流密度、6kV电压下温降可达到30℃以上。温降的增加反映了电场对微槽的强化润湿进一步提升了微槽换热性能，且电场对较高热流情形下的微槽换热有着更为显著的强化效果。     

Physical Stability of Octenyl Succinate–Modified Polysaccharides and Whey Proteins for Potential Use as Bioactive Carriers in Food Systems

The high cost and potential toxicity of biodegradable polymers like poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic)acid (PLGA) has increased the interest in natural and modified biopolymers as bioactive carriers. This study characterized the physical stability (water sorption and state transition behavior) of selected starch and proteins: octenyl succinate–modified depolymerized waxy corn starch (DWxCn), waxy rice starch (DWxRc), phytoglycogen, whey protein concentrate (80%, WPC), whey protein isolate (WPI), and α‐lactalbumin (α‐L) to determine their potential as carriers of bioactive compounds under different environmental conditions. After enzyme modification and particle size characterization, glass transition temperature and moisture isotherms were used to characterize the systems. DWxCn and DWxRc had increased water sorption compared to native starch. The level of octenyl succinate anhydrate (OSA) modification (3% and 7%) did not reduce the water sorption of the DWxCn and phytoglycogen samples. The Guggenheim–Andersen–de Boer model indicated that native waxy corn had significantly (P < 0.05) higher water monolayer capacity followed by 3%‐OSA‐modified DWxCn, WPI, 3%‐OSA‐modified DWxRc, α‐L, and native phytoglycogen. WPC had significantly lower water monolayer capacity. All Tg values matched with the solid‐like appearance of the biopolymers. Native polysaccharides and whey proteins had higher glass transition temperature (Tg) values. On the other hand, depolymerized waxy starches at 7%‐OSA modification had a “melted” appearance when exposed to environments with high relative humidity (above 70%) after 10 days at 23 °C. The use of depolymerized and OSA‐modified polysaccharides blended with proteins created more stable blends of biopolymers. Hence, this biopolymer would be suitable for materials exposed to high humidity environments in food applications.     

基于状态观测器的电镀液温度状态反馈控制系统

针对电镀液温度控制系统,引入状态反馈控制。相对于传统的反馈控制,本方法可以获得更优异的性能。另外,考虑到镀液温度控制具有纯迟延的特点,提出了一种消去纯迟延的方法。仿真验证结果显示,控制效果良好。     

7075铝合金热变形连接接头的组织与性能

应用Gleeble-3500热模拟机对7075铝合金进行了热变形连接试验,利用金相显微镜和扫描电镜对不同温度和保温时间的接头界面组织进行了观察和分析,并对接头进行了拉伸性能测试。结果表明:当连接温度为460 ℃,保温时间为24 h时,对界面进行EDS分析,界面处已经没有氧化物的偏聚,此时的力学性能最佳,抗拉强度达到444 MPa,屈服强度为265 MPa。     

Elevated temperature impact on performance of Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic dielectrics

The need for electronics to operate at temperatures of 200°C and above continues to grow. These applications include avionics, aerospace, automotive, downhole drilling, mining, and many others. To satisfy this demand, a significant amount of research and development has been conducted. Despite the efforts, the number of new electronic components designed specifically for high-temperature operation is still relatively limited. In Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) packages, LTCC materials are generally used as the host media for a number of pre-fabricated semiconductor components. As a result, reliability of the entire LTCC package largely depends on the performance of the least robust component. Ferro A6M-E and Ferro L8 are the two well-established and recognized LTCC dielectrics widely used for mid and high frequency LTCC applications, including several high reliability aerospace and defense applications that require demanding Mil-Spec qualifications. This study is our first attempt to characterize and understand basic high-temperature dielectric properties of these two commercial LTCC materials. The secondary objective is to initiate a dialogue in attempt to establish reliability requirements for LTCC packages dedicated for high-temperature operation.     

Effects of Ti,Y, and Hf additions on the thermal properties of ZrB2

Reactive hot pressing was utilized to synthesize and densify four ZrB₂ ceramics with impurity contents low enough to avoid obscuring the effects of dopants on thermal properties. Nominally pure ZrB₂ had a thermal conductivity of 141 ± 3 W/m K at 25 °C. Additions of 3 at% of Ti, Y, or Hf decreased the thermal conductivity by 20 %, 30 %, and 40 %, respectively. The thermal conductivity of (Zr,Hf)B₂ was similar to ZrB₂ synthesized from commercial powders containing the natural abundance of Hf as an impurity. This is the first study to demonstrate that Ti and Y additions decrease the thermal conductivity of ZrB₂ ceramics and report intrinsic values for thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity of ZrB₂ containing transition metal additions. Previous studies were unable to detect these effects because the natural abundance of Hf present masked the effects of these additions.     

Development of LTCC micro-hotplate with PTC temperature sensor for gas-sensing applications

Low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) micro-hotplates show wide applications in gas sensors and micro-fluidic devices. It is easily structured in three-dimensional structures. This paper presents the low power consumption micro-hotplates which were developed with PTC (positive temperature coefficient) temperature sensor and inter-digitated electrodes. The paper presents two different structures for micro-hotplate with platinum as a heating element. The PTC temperature sensor using two different materials viz. PdAg and platinum paste are developed with micro-hotplates. The simulation has been achieved through COMSOL for LTCC and alumina micro-hotplates. The temperature variation with power consumption has been measured for the developed LTCC micro-hotplates. The change in resistance of PTC temperature sensors was measured with micro-hotplate temperature. The aim of this study was to place a temperature sensor with the gas sensor module to measure and control the temperature of micro-hotplate. A SnO₂ sensing layer is coated on LTCC micro-hotplate using screen printing and characterized for the sensing of carbon monoxide gas (CO). This study will be beneficial for designing hotplates based on LTCC technology with low power consumption and better stability of temperature for gas-sensing applications.     

A cathode support structure for use in a magnetron oscillator experiment

A low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) material system has been used to develop a protype field emission cathode structure for use in an experimental magnetron oscillator. The structure is designed for used with 30 gated field emission array (GFEA) die electrically connected through silver metal traces and electrical vias. To approximate a cylinder, the cathode structure (48 mm long and 13.7 mm in diameter) is comprised of 10 faceted plates which cover the GFEA dies. Slits in the facet plates allow electron injection. The GFEA die (3 mm × 8 mm) are placed in axial columns of 3 and spaced azimuthally around a cylindrical support structure in a staggered configuration resulting in 10 azimuthal locations. LTCC manufacturing techniques were developed in order to fabricate the newly designed cathode with seven layers wrapped to form the cylinder with electrical traces and vias. Two different cathode wrapping techniques and two different via filling techniques were studied and compared. Two different facet plate manufacturing techniques were studied. Finally, four different support stand configurations for firing the cylindrical structure were also compared with a square post stand having the best circularity and linearity measurements of the fired structure.